What is margin of exposure (MOE) and how is it used in risk management?

• A. MOE equals exposure divided by adverse dose; larger MOE implies higher risk.
• B. MOE equals adverse dose in animal studies divided by estimated human exposure; larger MOE implies lower risk.
• C. MOE equals the ratio of NOAEL to LOAEL.
• D. MOE has no meaning in risk management.

Answer: (B)