What is an endocrine disruptor?

• A. Substances that cause energy pollution through heat.
• B. Substances that protect the environment.
• C. Chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system (hormones).
• D. Microorganisms that cause infections.

Answer: (C)

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system. Hormones coordinate many body processes like growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction, and they operate at very low concentrations. Disruptors can mimic natural hormones, block hormone receptors, or alter the production, release, transport, or metabolism of hormones. Because sensitive periods exist (such as fetal development or puberty), even small exposures can have meaningful effects. The other options describe energy pollution, general environmental protection, or infectious organisms, none of which involve interference with hormone signaling.